Ka yubu cement ma calo ma ki nyutu kany ni tye gin ma kelo lyeto pa piny. Ento mogo i kin jami ma balo kwo ni ki twero loko gi me doko moo manyen. Kado man ki twero gwoko ne maber pi mwaki mapol onyo ma kato.
Man obedo lok mukene ma tye ka neno diro manyen ki jami ma twero dwoko piny alokaloka me ping, dwoko piny adwogi ne, onyo konyo lwak me lweny ki lobo ma tye ka loko oyotoyot.
Tic ma gonyo yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon dioxide (CO2), ma obedo yamo ma ki lwongo ni greenhouse gas, konyo me lyeto yamo ma i lobo. Tam me kwanyo CO2 ki i yamo ki gwoko ne pe obedo gin manyen. Ento timone tek, tutwalle ka dano gitwero wilone. Cik manyen ni cobo peko me CO2 ma obale i yoo ma pat manok. En loko yamo ma kelo lyeto me piny me doko moo.
I nino dwe 15 me dwe me apar wiye acel, lutim kwed ma aa ki i Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) i Cambridge gu coyo adwogi gi ma ki ngeyo i magazin ma ki lwongo ni Cell Reports Physical Science.
Yub gi manyen ni ki poko i dul aryo. Dul mukwongo kwako loko yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon dioxide me doko molecule ma ki lwongo ni formate me yubu moo. Calo carbon dioxide, formate tye ki carbon atom acel ki oxygen atom aryo, kacel ki hydrogen atom acel. Formate bene tye ki jami mukene mapol. Kwan manyen ni otiiyo ki kadu ma ki lwongo ni formate, ma ki nongo ki i sodium onyo potassium.
Pol pa fuel cells gi tiyo ki hydrogen, yamo ma lyel ma mito paip ki tank ma ki keto iye teko me tero. Ento, fuel cells bene twero tic ki formate. Formate tye ki teko ma rom ki hydrogen, malube ki Li Ju, ngat ma ngeyo lok kom jami ma otelo wi yubu yub manyen ni. Formate tye ki adwogi maber i kom hydrogen, Li Ju owaco. Tye maber ki pi mito ka gwoko ne ki teko madwong.
Lutim kwed i MIT guyubo gin ma ki lwongo ni fuel cell me temo formate, ma gi yubu ki i yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon dioxide. Mukwongo, gurubo kado ki pii. Gin ma ki rubu ni ki keto i gin ma ki lwongo ni fuel cell. I kin gin ma ki lwongo ni fuel cell, gin ma ki lwongo ni formate ni ogonyo electrons i yub me jami ma ki lwongo ni chemical reaction. Electrons magi gi mol ki i electrode ma pe ber pa fuel cell me cito i electrode ma tye maber, kun gi tyeko yub me mac. Electrons ma tye ka mol--ma obedo teko me mac--obedo tye pi cawa 200 i kare me temo.
Zhen Zhang, ngat ma ngeyo jami ma tiyo ki Li i MIT, tye ki gen ni gurup ne obi twero dongo diro manyen ni i kin mwaka apar.
Dul pa lutim kwed me MIT gutiyo ki yoo me jami ma ki lwongo ni chemical me loko yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon dioxide me doko gin ma pire tek me yubu moo. Mukwongo, gu keto ne i pii ma tye ki alkali madwong. Gi yero sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ma ki ngeyo ni lye. Man okelo alokaloka ma kelo sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), ma ki ngeyo ni baking soda.
Ki dong gu yabo mac. Mac ma tye ka mol ni okelo alokaloka manyen ma opoko atom me oxygen weny ma tye i baking soda molecule, kun weko sodium formate (NaCHO2). Kit ma gi tiyo kwede ni oloko CO2 weny ma tye i CO2 — ma kato pacenti 96 — me doko kadu eni.
Guvu ma mite me kwanyo yamo ma ki lwongo ni oxygen ni ki gwoko i dul ma ki lwongo ni chemical bonds me formate. Lapwony Li owaco ni formate twero gwoko teko ni pi mwaki mapol labongo rwenyo teko ma twero bedo tye. En dong kelo mac ka okato ki i gin ma ki lwongo ni fuel cell. Ka mac ma ki tiyo kwede me yubu formate aa ki i kom ceng, yamo onyo teko pa pii, mac ma ki yubu ki fuel cell ni obi bedo gin ma miyo teko maleng.
Me medo rom pa diro manyen ni, Lee owaco ni, "omyero wanong jami ma mako ngom ma ki lwongo ni lye." En okwano kit got mo ma ki lwongo ni alkali basalt (AL-kuh-lye buh-SALT). Ka ki rubu ki pii, godi eni gi loko doko lye.
Farzan Kazemifar tye ladiro i San Jose State University i California. Kwedo ngec ne tye i kom gwoko yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon dioxide i te ngom. Kwanyo yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon dioxide ki i yamo obedo gin matek ki dong wel ne tek, en owaco. Pi meno ber me loko CO2 me doko jami ma twero tic calo formate. wel jami ma ki yubu twero dwoko piny wel jami ma ki yubu.
Tye kwed mapol ma kitimo i kom mako yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon dioxide ki i yamo. Me labolle, gurup pa lucayan i gang kwan madit me Lehigh cokcok-ki guloko i kom yo mukene me kwanyo yamo ma kilwongo ni carbon dioxide ki i yamo ci lokone doko baking soda. Dul pa lutim kwed mukene gitye ka gwoko CO2 i got ma pat pat, ma gi loko ne me doko carbon ma ki twero loko ne me doko ethanol, ma obedo moo me kongo. Pol pa yub eni tye ma nok ki pwod pe gu kelo alokaloka madit i dwoko piny rwom me yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon dioxide.
Cal man nyutu ot ma tiyo ki yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon dioxide. Gin ma ki nyutu kany loko yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon dioxide (molecule ma tye i bubble makwar ki tar) me doko kadu ma ki lwongo ni formate (bubble ma bulu, makwar, tar, ki macol). Kado man ki twero tic kwede i fuel cell me kelo mac.
Kazemifar owaco ni gin maber loyo ma waromo timone en me "dwoko piny yamo ma ki cwalo i ot ma ki lwongo ni greenhouse gas mukwongo." Yo acel me timo meno en me loko moo ma ki nongo ki i kom jami macon ki jami ma twero dwoko teko ma calo yamo onyo ceng. Man tye dul me alokaloka ma ludiro i kom jami ma kwo lwongo ni "decarbonization." Ento en omedo ni juku alokaloka me piny obi miito yoo mapol. Diro manyen ni mite me mako yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon i kabedo ma tek me kwanyo yamo ma mako yamo, en owaco. Kwany ka yubu jami ma ki yubu ki nyonyo ki ka yubu cement, me miyo labol aryo.
Dul pa MIT bene gineno adwogi maber i keto diro gi manyen ki teko pa ceng ki yamo. Batri macon ki yubu me gwoko teko pi cabit mapol i kare acel. Gwoko lero ceng me kare me cwir i kare me ngiico onyo pi kare malac mito yoo mukene. "Ki moo ma ki lwongo ni formate," Lee owaco, in dong pe ki gengo i gwoko jami i kare me mwaka. "Twero bedo me rwom ma lamal."
Twero bedo ni pe ryeny calo jabu, ento "atwero weko 200 tons... me formate bot awobe ki anyira na," Lee owaco, "ma calo gin ma ki twero miyo."
Alkaline: Nying ma nyutu gin ma ki lwongo ni chemical substance ma yubu hydroxide ions (OH-) i pii. Jami eni ki lwongo gi ni alkaline (ma pat ki acidic) ki tye ki pH ma kato 7.
Aquifer: Got ma twero gwoko pii ma tye i te ngom. Lok ni bene tiyo i kom pii ma tye i te ngom.
Basalt: Got macol ma aa ki i mac ma pol kare tek (labongo ka mac ma lyel oweko yamo madwong iye).
rwate: (i chemistry) rwate ma rii i kin atom (onyo gurup pa atom) i molecule. Ki yubu ki teko ma mako kin atom ma tye ka nywako. Ka dong ki yubu gin ma ki lwongo ni bond, atom ni tiiyo calo gin acel. Me poko atom ma tye iye, teko ma calo lyeto onyo lyeto mukene omyera ki mi bot molecule ni.
Carbon: Gin ma tye i kom jami makwo ma tye i lobo. Carbon tye agonya i kit ma calo graphite ki diamond. En tye gin ma pire tek ma tye i coal, limestone, ki petroleum, ki twero ribbe kene me yubu jami mapol ma twero kelo lim, kwo, ki cato wil. (I kwan ma mako piny) Lok ni carbon pol kare ki tiyo kwede kacel ki carbon dioxide me nyutu adwogi ma twero bedo tye i kom lyeto pa yamo pi kare malac.
Carbon dioxide: (onyo CO2) obedo yamo ma pe ki rangi, ma pe ki ngwec ma ler weng gi kelo ka yamo ma gi yweyo rwate ki cam ma gi camo. Carbon dioxide bene ki gonyo ka jami ma kwo, medo ki jami ma ki nongo ki i kom jami macon calo moo onyo yamo ma ki nongo ki i ngom, ki wango. Yamo ma ki lwongo ni Carbon dioxide obedo yamo ma mako lyeto i lobo. Yat gi loko yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon dioxide me doko oxygen kun gi tiyo ki jami ma gi dongo ki tiyo ki yoo man me yubu cam gi.
Cement: Gin ma ki tiyo kwede me mako jami aryo kacel, ma miyo gi doko tek, onyo glue ma pek ma ki tiyo kwede me mako jami aryo kacel. (Ged) Gin ma ki tiyo kwede me mako kweyo onyo got ma ki turo kacel me yubu got. Cement pol kare ki yubu calo buru. Ento ka dong odoko pii, ci loko doko lum ma opong ki lum ma doko tek ka otwo.
Gin ma ki lwongo ni Chemical: Gin ma ki yubu ki atom aryo onyo makato ma ki rubu kacel (ki ribo) i rwom ki yub ma ki moko. Me labolle, pii obedo gin ma ki yubu ki atom aryo me hydrogen ma gikubbe ki atom acel me oxygen. Kit ma ki yubu kwede jami ne tye H2O. "Chemical" bene ki tiyo kwede calo lok ma nyutu kit ma gin moni tye kwede ma aa ki i rwate pa jami ma pat pat.
Kit ma jami ma ki lwongo ni Chemical bond: Teko ma mako jami ma tye i kin atom ma tek ma weko jami ma gikubbe ni tiyo calo gin acel. Jami mogo ma kelo miti tye magoro, mukene tye matek. Jami weny ma gikubbe nen calo gi kubbe ki atom kun gi poko (onyo temo poko) electrons.
Lok pa jami ma ki lwongo ni Chemical reaction: Gin ma kwako loko jami ma tye i kom gin moni ma ka loko kit ma kome nen kwede (me labolle, ki i gin ma tek me doko yamo).
Chemistry: dul me cayan ma kwano kit ma jami tye kwede, kit ma giyubo kwede, kit ma gitye kwede, ki kit ma gikwo kwede kacel. Lucayan gitiyo ki ngec man me kwano jami ma pe gingeyo, me nyayo jami ma konyo i wel madwong, nyo me yubo ki yubo jami manyen ma konyo. (me jami ma ki rubu) Chemistry bene nyutu kit ma ki yubu kwede gin moni, kit ma ki yubu kwede, onyo jami mogo ma tye iye. Dano ma gitiyo i dul man kilwongogi ni ludiro me yat. (i lok ma mako kwo pa dano) kero pa dano me tic kacel, bedo kacel, ki nongo yomcwiny i kin gii.
Alokaloka me piny: Alokaloka ma pire tek, ma rii pi kare malac i kit ma piny tye kwede i lobo. Man twero time kene onyo macalo adwogi pa tic pa dano, medo ki wango jami ma ki nongo ki i yen ki turo yadi.
Decarbonization: nyutu loko jami ma ki yubu ki diro ma balo piny, tic, ki jami ma miyo teko ma cwalo yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon-based greenhouse gases, calo carbon dioxide ki methane, i yamo. Miti ne tye me dwoko piny wel yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon gases ma kelo alokaloka i piny.
Mac: Kit ma mac mol kwede, ma pol kare aa ki i wot pa jami ma tye ki mac ma ki lwongo ni electrons.
Electron: gin ma tye ki teko ma goro ma pol kare woto i kom atom; en bene tye gin ma tingo mac i kom jami ma tek.
Ladiro: Ngat mo ma tiyo ki cayan ki cura me cobo peko. Ka kitiyo kwede calo lok ma ki tiyo kwede, lok ni ladiro nyutu yubu jami, jami, onyo yoo me cobo peko onyo gin ma mite ma pe ki cobo.
Ethanol: Kongo, ma bene ki lwongo ni ethyl alcohol, ma en aye gin ma ki tiyo kwede me yubu kongo calo kongo, kongo vino, ki kongo. Ki tiiyo kwede bene calo gin ma juku ki moo (me labolle, pol kare ki rubu ki moo).
Filter: (n.) Gin mo ma weko jami mogo kato ki mukene kato, malube ki dit gi onyo kit gi mukene. (v.) Kit me yero jami mogo ma lubu kit ma gi tye kwede calo dit, pek, teko, ki mukene. (i kwan me wilobo) gin ma ki lwongo ni screen, plate, onyo layer me gin mo ma mako lero onyo radiation mukene onyo gengo jami mogo ma tye iye me kato.
Formate: Lok ma ki tiyo kwede pi kadu onyo esters pa formic acid, ma obedo gin ma ki lwongo ni fatty acid. (Ester obedo gin ma ki yubu ki carbon ma ki yubu ki loko atom pa hydrogen pa acid mogo ki dul mogo ma kwo. Moo mapol ki moo ma pire tek obedo ester pa fatty acids ma nonge i kom gi.)
Moo ma ki nongo ki i kom jami makwo: Moo mo keken, ma calo maka, moo (moo ma pe ki tiyo kwede), onyo yamo ma ki nongo ki i ngom, ma ki yubu pi mwaki milion mapol i lobo ki i kom kwidi two, yadi, onyo ler.
Moo: Gin mo keken ma miyo teko ki i kom gin ma ki lwongo ni chemical onyo nuclear reaction. Moo ma ki nongo ki i kom yen (maka, yamo ma ki lwongo ni natural gas, ki oil) gubedo moo ma pol kare gi gonyo teko ki i jami ma ki lwongo ni chemical reactions ka ki lyeto (pol kare nio ka wango).
Fuel cell: Gin ma loko teko pa jami ma ki lwongo ni chemical doko teko pa mac. Gin ma pol ma ki tiyo kwede me moo en aye hydrogen, gin ma aa ki iye en aye yamo ma mol ki i pii.
Geology: Lok ma nyutu jami weny ma mako kit ma lobo tye kwede, jami ma tye iye, tekwaro, ki jami ma time i kome. Jo ma gitiyo i kabedo man kilwongogi ni ludiro i kom ngom.
Lyeto me wilobo: Medo lyeto mot mot i kom yamo ma tye i lobo pi adwogi pa jami ma kelo lyeto. Adwogi ne oa ki i medo pa yamo ma ki lwongo ni carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, ki yamo mukene ma tye i yamo, ma pol ne oa ki i tic pa dano.
Hydrogen: Gin ma yot loyo i wilobo. Ma calo yamo, en pe ki kala, pe ki ngwec, ki bene lyel oyotoyot. En tye dul moo mapol, moo, ki jami ma yubu kom makwo. Tye ki proton (nucleus) ki electron ma tye ka ngwec i kome.
Innovation: (v. to innovate; adj. to innovate) Aloka loka onyo medo rom pa tam, yub, onyo gin ma ki yubu me miyo obed manyen, ryek, tiyo maber, onyo tiyo maber.
Lye: Nying ma ki lwongo ni sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. Lye pol kare ki rubu ki moo pa jami ma kwo onyo moo pa ler ki jami mukene me yubu cabun.
Lakwan ma kwano jami: Lakwan ma kwano wat ma tye i kin atom ki molecule pa jami ki kit ma gi tye kwede. Ludiro ma kwano jami twero yubu jami manyen onyo nyamo jami macon. Kwedo kit ma gin moni tye kwede, ma calo pek pa gin moni, tek ne, ki ka ma en mol iye, twero konyo ludiro ki lupwonye mukene me yero jami maber pi tic manyen.
Molecule: Dul pa atom ma pe ki teko me mac ma nyutu wel ma nok loyo pa gin ma ki lwongo ni chemical compound. Molecule twero bedo ki dul atom acel onyo dul atom ma pat pat. Me labolle, oxygen ma tye i yamo tye ki atom aryo me oxygen (O2), ki pii tye ki atom aryo me hydrogen ki atom acel me oxygen (H2O).
Pollutant: Gin ma balo gin mo, calo yamo, pii, dano, onyo cam. Jami mogo ma balo piny obedo jami ma ki lwongo ni chemical, ma calo yat ma neko kwidi. Jami mukene ma balo piny twero bedo radiation, medo ki lyeto madwong onyo lero. Kadi wa lum ki jami mukene ma gi donyo i poto ki twero tero calo gin ma balo kwo.
Potent: Lok ma nyutu gin mo ma tek onyo teko (ma calo kwidi, kwiri, yadi, onyo acid).
Gin ma ki twero dwoko cen: Lok ma nyutu gin ma ki twero loko ne matwal (ma calo pii, yadi ma lum lum, lero ceng, ki yamo). Man pat ki jami ma pe kitwero dwoko cen, ma tye ki jami ma nok ki twero rweny woko. Jami ma pe kitwero dwoko cen tye iye moo (ki jami mukene ma ki nongo ki i kom jami macon) onyo jami ma pe pol ki jami ma tye i ngom.